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1884 人阅读发布时间:2024-10-30 13:48
2024年10月24日,再鼎医药在EORTC-NCI-AACR(ENA)会议上宣布,其开发的ZL-1310,一种靶向DLL3的抗体药物偶联物(ADC),在1期临床试验中展现出显著的疗效和良好的安全性和耐受性。该试验设计为单臂、盲法、国际多中心试验,受试者为年龄在18岁以上的成年男性和女性,患有经组织学或细胞学证实的转移性或广泛期小细胞肺癌。数据显示,ZL-1310在广泛期小细胞肺癌患者中达到了74%的客观缓解率(ORR),表明其具有显著的抗肿瘤活性 [1]。与此同时,宜联生物与安进达成合作协议,共同开展靶向DLL3和CD3的双特异性药物tarlatamab的临床试验,用于治疗小细胞肺癌。Tarlatamab已于2024年5月获得FDA加速批准上市,它能够激活患者自身的T细胞,特异性地杀伤表达DLL3的肿瘤细胞 [2]。这些前沿进展标志着DLL3作为小细胞肺癌治疗的重要靶点,正逐步实现从实验室到临床的转化,为患者带来更多的治疗选择和希望。
δ样配体(Delta-Like Ligand 3,DLL3)为一种附着在细胞表面的单次跨膜蛋白,属于Notch配体家族中的一员。人DLL3基因定位于染色体19q13,其开放阅读框长度约为1800 bp [3]。人DLL3蛋白由619个氨基酸组成,完整结构包含1个DSL结构域、1个胞内结构域和6个表皮生长因子样结构域 (图1)[4, 5]。胞外结构域N端的DSL基因序列在配体家族中高度保守,是与Notch受体结合所必须的功能结构域。DLL3胞内结构域较短,其功能尚不清楚。研究发现DLL3在SCLC和其他神经内分泌肿瘤中高表达,而在正常组织中很少表达,这为靶向治疗提供了潜力 [6]。近年来,越来越多的研究提示,DLL3可与不同的Notch受体结合,参与到复杂的肿瘤调控过程中,既可表现出促癌作用,也可表现出抑癌作用。
图1. DLL3结构示意图
*图片来源于Frontiers in immunology 出版物 [4]
配体DLL3通过与Notch受体结合,直接或间接地发挥作用生物学功能。Notch受体有4种(Notch 1-4),为一类保守的单次跨膜蛋白,受体分子量约为300 kDa [7]。Notch受体含胞外区、跨膜区和胞内区3部分。如图2所示,其Notch受体的胞外段(N端)由数量不等的EGF样重复片段和一个近膜区的负向调节区域(NRR)构成,而NRR是由3个Lin12/Notch重复片段(LNR)和1个异二聚化区域(HD)组成;胞内段通常包含一段蛋白结合RPBJ相关分子(RAM)区域、7个锚蛋白重复片段、1个转录激活区域(TAD)和1个PEST(富含脯氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸)降解决定子区域 [4]。
图2. 受体Notch1-4结构
*图片来源于Frontiers in immunology 出版物 [4]
不同于Notch其它配体,目前的研究表明DLL3是一种抑制性Notch配体。配体DLL3和Notch受体结合,具有Notch通路的抑制作用 [8]。在SCLC中,促进DLL3表达,DLL3与Notch1受体结合,将抑制Notch信号活化,Notch信号靶基因HES1、HEY1的表达下调,对肿瘤的抑制解除,促进SCLC的发生发展 [9];DLL3/Notch2可以增加细胞周期蛋白CyclinD1和CyclinD3的表达,提示DLL3/Notch2可能通过上调CyclinD1和CyclinD3蛋白促进SCLC细胞的增殖 [10]。此外DLL3和Notch受体结合还与其它肿瘤密切相关,比如,DLL3/Notch2参与垂体腺瘤的增殖和侵袭的调节 [11];DLL3/Notch2/Notch4对黑色素瘤细胞生存和生长至关重要 [12];DLL3/Notch2/Notch3介导了卵巢癌细胞的增殖和分化,并且与较差的生存期相关 [13]。总体而言,DLL3可与不同的Notch受体结合,在细胞增殖、分化及凋亡中发挥着多种功能,然而其涉及的细胞分子机制仍未具体阐明。
前文提到,DLL3是一种抑制性Notch配体,大量研究发现,配体DLL3通过和Notch受体结合,抑制Notch信号,影响相邻细胞之间的通讯,进而调控细胞发育,其具体机制尚不明确。除了Notch信号通路,DLL3也在其他信号通路中发挥作用,DLL3通过抑制Notch信号通路,激活脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激B(phosphoinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase B,P13K/Akt)信号传导通路。DLL3表达上调时,配体Wnt-1和Wnt-4以及Wnt通路的下游靶基因Axin-2和Lef-1表达上调,提示DLL3参与诱导Wnt信号途径的激活。此外,还有研究证实DLL3通过调节Nrarp的循环表达来调节Notch/Wnt信号通路 [14]。
由此可见,DLL3参与到多个信号通路中的调节过程,涉及一系列基因的激活、表达以及调控等作用。在肿瘤的发生发展中,DLL3发挥着促癌或抑癌的双向调节功能。因此,进一步研究DLL3在各肿瘤中的表达和作用机制,将对肿瘤的发病机制、治疗和预防等具有重要的意义。
根据肿瘤类型和细胞生长环境的不同,DLL3的激活可以发挥促癌或抑癌作用。有报道,DLL3在小细胞肺癌 [15, 16]、乳腺癌 [17]、垂体瘤 [11]、急性髓系白血病 [18]中有促癌作用,但在肝癌 [19]、神经胶质瘤 [20]和恶性胶质瘤 [21]中却发挥了抑癌作用。
在小细胞肺癌中,DLL3在超过80%患者中高表达,并且在肿瘤的细胞膜和细胞质中都高表达;但是,在正常组织中少量表达或不表达。临床研究表明,SCLC中的DLL3高表达与患者的生存期呈现负相关,即DLL3表达量越高,患者的生存期越低 [22]。
在原发性肝癌中,有研究提示,DLL3的表达被乙肝病毒诱导的DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化所抑制。抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶的抑制剂可以使DLL3在HCC中重新表达。重表达的DLL3可以抑制HCC细胞的生长并诱导细胞凋亡。因此,在原发性肝癌中,DLL3可以抑制癌细胞的生长 [23]。
更多研究显示DLL3在多种癌症中异常表达,发挥不同作用。比如,DLL3在异柠檬酸脱氢酶IDH突变的神经胶质瘤细胞中表达,特别是在1p/19q缺失的神经胶质瘤细胞中高表达 [24, 25];在胰腺癌中,激活的DLL3可以刺激Notch信号从而促进癌细胞的生长 [26];在黑色素瘤中,DLL3/MAPK通路可以促进黑色素瘤细胞的增殖和迁移 [27, 28];在子宫内膜瘤中,高表达的DLL3与较差的生存期和较差的无进展生存期相关 [29]。
DLL3已经成为临床药物研究中的热门靶点,目前有超过50种药物正在积极研发中,例如AMG 757、BI 764532和BHP-01。这些药物采用多种作用机制,如AMG 757通过可裂解连接子与喜树碱衍生物结合,BHP-01则利用修饰的嵌合抗原受体T细胞技术。它们主要针对肿瘤领域,覆盖多种肿瘤类型,研发阶段从临床前到已在美国获得加速批准(如AMG 757)或快速通道(如BI 764532)不等。药物类型多样,包括抗体药物、CAR-T、小分子药物疗法。众多机构如勃林格殷格翰、安进、百济神州、泽璟制药、齐鲁制药等参与了研发,复旦大学和Compugen公司也参与了相关研究,Compugen与吉利德签订了合作协议。这表明DLL3药物研发在全球范围内非常活跃,其治疗潜力得到了广泛认可。
特别是在小细胞肺癌(SCLC)领域,再鼎医药的ZL-1310作为国内前沿DLL3 ADC,在Ia期临床研究中展现了卓越的客观缓解率和良好的安全性,这标志着DLL3靶向药物在克服初期开发障碍后取得了重大进展。ZL-1310的成功不仅为DLL3作为SCLC的“定制”靶点提供了有力证据,也将推动DLL3赛道的发展,吸引更多制药企业的关注,促进全球制药行业在SCLC治疗上的创新和进步。随着ZL-1310及其他DLL3靶向药物如AMG 757、BI 764532和BHP-01的研发进展,预计这一领域将取得更多突破,为患者提供更多选择。
为鼎力协助各药企针对DLL3靶点在肿瘤中的研发工作,尤其是在小细胞肺癌SCLC中,大量的基础研究和临床研究证据表明DLL3是治疗SCLC的一种极具潜力的干预靶点,CUSABIO已推出DLL3系列产品,种属多样、标签多样,能够充分满足不同种属交叉实验及各类实验需求,为科研人员提供优质的产品,助力生命科学领域的研究与发展。
DLL3蛋白
● Recombinant Human Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3), partial (Active), His-tagged (Code: CSB-MP882142HU3d7)
Purity ≥ 95% validated by SDS-PAGE
Activity validated by Functional ELISA: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human DLL3 at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti-DLL3 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA882142MA2HU). The EC50 is 1.107-1.282 ng/mL.
● Recombinant Human Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3), partial (Active),Fc-tagged (Code: CSB-MP882142HU2)
Purity ≥ 95% validated by SDS-PAGE
Activity validated by Functional ELISA: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized Human DLL3 at 1 μg/ml can bind Anti-DLL3 recombinant antibody (CSB-RA882142MA2HU). The EC50 is 6.211-7.209 ng/mL.
● Recombinant Macaca fascicularis Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3), partial (Active),His-tagged (Code: CSB-MP3536MOV)
Purity ≥ 85% validated by SDS-PAGE
Activity validated by Functional ELISA: Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized DLL3 at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti-DLL3 Recombinant Antibody (CSB-RA882142A1HU). The EC50 is 1.625-2.702 ng/mL.
DLL3抗体
DLL3 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody (ELISA, FC) (CSB-CSB-RA882142A1HU)
DLL3试剂盒
Human DLL3 ELISA Kit (CSB-EL006948HU)
参考文献:
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